# Luxating Patella in Havanese: Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

Luxating Patella in Havanese: Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention (2026 Guide)

# Luxating Patella in Havanese: Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

If you’ve noticed your [Havanese](https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/havanese/) occasionally skipping on three legs or holding one back leg up while walking, you might be witnessing one of the most common orthopedic conditions in small dog breeds: luxating patella. This condition, also called “floating kneecap” or patellar luxation, affects up to 1 in 4 Havanese dogs and can range from a minor inconvenience to a debilitating problem requiring surgery.

                        
                

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The good news? When caught early, luxating patella can often be managed conservatively without surgery. Even in severe cases requiring surgical intervention, most Havanese make a full recovery and return to their bouncy, playful selves.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about luxating patella in Havanese dogs—from recognizing the earliest symptoms to understanding treatment options, surgery costs, and proven prevention strategies.

**⚠️ Quick Tip:** If your Havanese is showing signs of limping or leg skipping, schedule a vet visit soon. Early intervention can prevent progression to higher grades that require surgery.

## What is Luxating Patella?

![What is Luxating Patella?](https://eetdf47kugs.exactdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/tmpu_qjzo9q-1030x687.jpg?strip=all)

Luxating patella occurs when the kneecap (patella) slips out of its normal position in the groove of the thigh bone (femur). In a healthy knee, the patella glides smoothly up and down in this groove as your dog bends and straightens their leg. When the patella “luxates” or dislocates, it moves out of the groove—either toward the inside of the leg (medial luxation, most common in Havanese) or toward the outside (lateral luxation, less common).

Think of it like a train coming off its tracks. The patella is the train, and the femoral groove is the track. When the track is too shallow or the train doesn’t align properly, derailment happens.

### Why Are Havanese Prone to Luxating Patella?

Havanese are genetically predisposed to luxating patella for several reasons:

- **Small breed anatomy:** Toy and small breeds naturally have shallower femoral grooves, making it easier for the patella to slip out
- **Genetic factors:** The condition is hereditary and can be passed from parents to puppies
- **Skeletal structure:** Some Havanese are born with slight conformational abnormalities in the hind leg that predispose them to patellar luxation
- **Ligament laxity:** Havanese may have looser ligaments that don’t hold the kneecap as firmly in place

Studies suggest that approximately 20-25% of Havanese will develop some degree of patellar luxation during their lifetime, making it one of the top health concerns for the breed.

## Recognizing the Symptoms: What to Watch For

Luxating patella symptoms can vary dramatically depending on the severity of the condition. Some Havanese show obvious limping, while others display subtle signs that owners might miss for months or even years.

### Early Warning Signs

Watch for these early indicators that your Havanese might have a luxating patella:

- **Intermittent skipping or hopping:** Your dog suddenly lifts one hind leg for a few steps, then resumes normal walking
- **The “kick-out” maneuver:** Your Havanese extends their leg backward or to the side to pop the kneecap back into place
- **Occasional limping:** Limping that comes and goes, especially after exercise or play
- **Reluctance to jump:** Your dog becomes hesitant to jump on furniture or stairs they previously navigated easily
- **Sitting in unusual positions:** Sitting with one leg extended to the side instead of tucked underneath
- **Bunny-hopping gait:** Using both hind legs simultaneously when running, rather than alternating

### Advanced Symptoms (Higher Grades)

As the condition progresses, symptoms become more pronounced:

- **Persistent limping:** Continuous limping that doesn’t resolve on its own
- **Visible kneecap displacement:** You can actually see or feel the kneecap out of position
- **Pain when leg is manipulated:** Your dog yelps or pulls away when you touch or extend the affected leg
- **Muscle atrophy:** The thigh muscle on the affected leg becomes noticeably smaller than the other leg
- **Difficulty standing or walking:** Severe cases may prevent your dog from bearing weight on the leg
- **Bowlegged appearance:** The leg may bow outward or inward at the knee

**💡 Pro Tip:** Video your Havanese when they’re limping or skipping. This footage can be incredibly valuable for your veterinarian, especially if your dog isn’t showing symptoms during the vet visit.

## The Four Grades of Luxating Patella

![The Four Grades of Luxating Patella](https://eetdf47kugs.exactdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/tmppxxv3sny-1030x687.jpg?strip=all)

Veterinarians classify luxating patella into four grades based on severity. Understanding these grades helps you know what to expect and what treatment options are appropriate.

GradeDescriptionSymptomsTreatment**Grade I**Patella can be manually luxated but immediately returns to normal position when releasedOften no symptoms; may show occasional skip or hopConservative management; monitoring**Grade II**Patella luxates spontaneously and may stay out, but can be manually repositionedIntermittent lameness; skipping; kick-out behaviorConservative management first; surgery if symptoms worsen**Grade III**Patella is luxated most of the time but can be manually repositionedFrequent limping; difficulty jumping; muscle atrophy beginningSurgery usually recommended**Grade IV**Patella is permanently luxated and cannot be manually repositionedConstant lameness; severe pain; significant muscle atrophy; bowlegged appearanceSurgery required

**Important note:** Grades can progress over time. A Grade I luxation in a young Havanese puppy may become Grade II or III by middle age if left unmanaged. This is why early intervention and preventive care are crucial.

## Diagnosing Luxating Patella: What to Expect at the Vet

If you suspect your Havanese has a luxating patella, here’s what will happen during the diagnostic process:

### Physical Examination

Your veterinarian will perform a thorough orthopedic exam, including:

- **Palpation:** Feeling the knee joint to assess how easily the patella moves and whether it’s currently in or out of position
- **Range of motion tests:** Bending and extending the leg to see if the patella luxates during normal movement
- **Gait assessment:** Watching your [dog walk](https://www.havanesebreeders.org/best-dog-walking-fanny-packs-for-2023/) and run to observe any abnormalities
- **Bilateral examination:** Checking both knees, as luxating patella often affects both legs (though usually one is worse than the other)

### Diagnostic Imaging

In most cases, luxating patella can be diagnosed through physical examination alone. However, your vet may recommend:

- **X-rays (radiographs):** To assess the shape of the femoral groove, measure angles of the bones, rule out arthritis, and check for other skeletal abnormalities
- **CT scan or MRI:** Rarely needed, but may be recommended before complex surgical cases to create a detailed surgical plan

### Grading and Documentation

Your veterinarian will assign a grade (I-IV) to each affected knee and document which direction the patella luxates (medial or lateral). This information guides treatment decisions and provides a baseline for monitoring progression.

**⚠️ Important:** If you’re considering purchasing Havanese breeding stock or a show dog, request OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals) patellar certification. Responsible breeders have their dogs evaluated and certified as “Normal” before breeding.

## Treatment Options: Conservative vs. Surgical

![Treatment Options: Conservative vs. Surgical](https://eetdf47kugs.exactdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/tmpbr6eoxnv-1030x687.jpg?strip=all)

Treatment for luxating patella depends on the grade, your dog’s age, activity level, symptoms, and whether the condition is progressing. Let’s break down both conservative (non-surgical) and surgical options.

### Conservative Management (Non-Surgical)

For Grade I and some Grade II luxations, conservative management is typically the first approach. This may include:

#### 1. Weight Management

Maintaining a healthy weight is _critical_. Every extra pound puts additional stress on your Havanese’s knee joints. If your dog is overweight, work with your vet to develop a gradual weight loss plan using a high-quality, low-calorie [dog food.](https://www.havanesebreeders.org/what-is-he-best-dog-food-for-havanese/)

#### 2. Joint Supplements

Supplements containing glucosamine, chondroitin, MSM, and omega-3 fatty acids can [support joint](https://www.havanesebreeders.org/movoflex-soft-chews-easy-effective-joint-support-for-your-canine-companion/) health and reduce inflammation. While they won’t cure luxating patella, they may slow arthritis development and improve comfort.

**Recommended supplements for Havanese with luxating patella:**

- [Nutramax Cosequin DS Plus MSM](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00UFC295O?tag=havanese500-20) – Veterinarian-recommended formula with glucosamine, chondroitin, and MSM
- [Zesty Paws Mobility Bites](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01MQLEOOV?tag=havanese500-20) – Soft chews with glucosamine, chondroitin, and organic turmeric for[small breeds](https://www.havanesebreeders.org/best-high-fiber-dog-food-for-small-breeds-in-2023/)
- [PetHonesty Hemp Hip & Joint Supplement](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07TFLHNZ2?tag=havanese500-20) – Contains hemp seed powder, glucosamine, and omega fatty acids

#### 3. Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation

Canine rehabilitation can strengthen the muscles around the knee, improving stability. Options include:

- **Controlled exercise:** Short, regular walks on flat surfaces (avoid steep hills and stairs)
- **Swimming or underwater treadmill:** Low-impact exercise that builds muscle without stressing joints
- **Passive range of motion exercises:** Gentle stretching performed by you or a canine rehab specialist
- **Therapeutic laser or ultrasound:** Reduces inflammation and promotes healing

#### 4. Activity Modification

- Use ramps or stairs instead of letting your Havanese jump on/off furniture
- Avoid high-impact activities like agility or jumping for toys
- Keep your dog on-leash during walks to prevent sudden stops and turns
- Provide non-slip flooring (rugs, yoga mats) on slippery surfaces

#### 5. Pain Management

For dogs experiencing discomfort, your vet may prescribe:

- **NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs):** Such as carprofen (Rimadyl) or meloxicam (Metacam)
- **Gabapentin:** For nerve pain
- **Adequan injections:** To promote cartilage health and reduce inflammation

**💡 Pro Tip:** Pet stairs or ramps are essential for Havanese with luxating patella. The [PetSafe Solvit PupSTEP Plus Pet Stairs](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001JSGJRU?tag=havanese500-20) are lightweight, foldable, and perfect for small dogs who need easier access to beds and couches.

### Surgical Treatment

Surgery is generally recommended for:

- Grade III and IV luxations
- Grade II luxations causing persistent symptoms or progressing over time
- Young dogs with luxating patella (to prevent arthritis development)
- Dogs with pain or difficulty walking that doesn’t improve with conservative management

#### Common Surgical Procedures

Several surgical techniques exist, and your veterinary surgeon may combine multiple procedures for the best outcome:

**1. Trochlear Wedge Recession or Trochleoplasty**  
The surgeon deepens the femoral groove so the patella sits more securely and is less likely to luxate. This is the most common primary procedure.

**2. Tibial Tuberosity Transposition**  
The attachment point of the patellar ligament on the shin bone (tibia) is moved to better align the patella in the groove.

**3. Medial Release and Lateral Imbrication**  
Tight tissues on one side of the knee are released (cut), while loose tissues on the other side are tightened (stitched) to help keep the patella centered.

**4. Femoral Osteotomy**  
In severe cases with bone deformities, the surgeon may cut and realign the femur to correct the overall leg alignment. This is more invasive and has a longer recovery.

#### What to Expect: Surgery and Recovery

**Pre-surgery:**

- Pre-anesthetic bloodwork to ensure your dog is healthy enough for surgery
- Fasting (typically 12 hours before surgery)
- Discussion of surgical plan and post-operative care

**Day of surgery:**

- General anesthesia
- Surgery typically takes 1-2 hours per knee
- Most dogs stay overnight for monitoring
- Pain medication administered

**Recovery timeline:**

TimeframeActivity LevelWhat to Expect**Weeks 1-2**Strict rest; leash walks to potty onlySignificant limping; swelling; pain medication; ice packs; suture removal at 10-14 days**Weeks 3-4**Short leash walks (5-10 minutes, 3x daily)Gradual improvement; less limping; may begin passive range of motion exercises**Weeks 5-8**Longer walks (15-20 minutes); gentle playNoticeable improvement; physical therapy may begin; recheck X-rays around week 8**Weeks 9-12**Return to normal activity (gradual)Most dogs fully healed; final recheck; cleared for regular exercise

**Success rates:** Surgical correction of luxating patella has a 90-95% success rate when performed by an experienced veterinary surgeon. Most Havanese return to normal, pain-free activity within 3-4 months.

**⚠️ Warning:** Do NOT skip post-operative restrictions. Allowing your Havanese to run, jump, or play too soon can cause surgical failure, requiring a second surgery. Crate rest and leash-only walks are non-negotiable during recovery.

## Surgery Costs: What You’ll Pay

The cost of luxating patella surgery varies significantly based on geographic location, severity of the luxation, and whether you see a general veterinarian or board-certified surgeon.

### Typical Cost Ranges (2026)

Procedure/ServiceCost RangeInitial consultation & diagnosis$100 – $300Pre-surgical bloodwork$80 – $200X-rays$150 – $400Surgery (one knee, Grade II-III)$1,500 – $3,500Surgery (one knee, Grade IV or complex)$3,000 – $5,000+Board-certified surgeon (premium)Add $1,000 – $2,000Overnight hospitalization$200 – $500Pain medications (2-4 weeks)$50 – $150Follow-up visits & X-rays$200 – $500Physical therapy (optional, 6-8 sessions)$400 – $1,000**TOTAL (one knee)****$2,500 – $6,000+****TOTAL (both knees)****$4,500 – $10,000+**

**Money-saving tips:**

- **Pet insurance:** If your Havanese is still young and hasn’t been diagnosed yet, purchase insurance that covers hereditary conditions. Most policies cover luxating patella surgery after the waiting period.
- **Veterinary schools:** Teaching hospitals often perform surgeries at 30-50% lower cost, with close supervision by board-certified specialists
- **CareCredit:** Medical financing option that offers 0% interest for 6-12 months on veterinary procedures
- **Charitable organizations:** Some nonprofits provide financial assistance for pet surgeries (search “pet surgery financial assistance” in your state)

## Prevention Strategies: Protecting Your Havanese

![Prevention Strategies: Protecting Your Havanese](https://eetdf47kugs.exactdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/tmpo7fnugzj-1030x687.jpg?strip=all)

While you can’t completely prevent luxating patella in a genetically predisposed Havanese, you can significantly reduce the risk and slow progression with these strategies:

### 1. Choose a Responsible Breeder

If you haven’t purchased your Havanese yet, this is the single most important prevention step. Ask breeders:

- “Do you have OFA patella certifications on both parents?”
- “Have any puppies from previous litters developed luxating patella?”
- “What is your health guarantee regarding luxating patella?”

Responsible breeders only [breed dogs](https://www.havanesebreeders.org/havanese-therapy-dogs-top-therapy-dog-breed/) with “Normal” OFA patella ratings and will provide documentation. Avoid breeders who dismiss health testing or claim “it’s not a problem in my lines.”

### 2. Maintain Optimal Body Weight

Obesity is a major risk factor for developing luxating patella and for progression from lower to higher grades. Keep your Havanese at a healthy weight throughout their life:

- You should be able to feel (but not see) your dog’s ribs
- There should be a visible waist when viewed from above
- There should be an abdominal tuck when viewed from the side

**Recommended weight management foods for Havanese:**

- [Hill’s Science Diet Adult Perfect Weight Small Breed](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000633T00?tag=havanese500-20)
- [Royal Canin Small Breed Light Weight Care](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07H3GZBZ9?tag=havanese500-20)
- [Blue Buffalo Life Protection Healthy Weight Small Breed](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07GBRF7T4?tag=havanese500-20)

### 3. Provide Joint-Supporting Supplements Early

Starting joint supplements when your Havanese is young (even as a puppy if there’s a family history) can support long-term joint health. Look for supplements with:

- Glucosamine (500-1000mg daily for small dogs)
- Chondroitin sulfate
- MSM (methylsulfonylmethane)
- Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA)
- Hyaluronic acid

### 4. Build Muscle Through Appropriate Exercise

Strong leg muscles help stabilize the knee joint. Encourage low-impact activities:

- Swimming (excellent for building muscle without joint stress)
- Walking on varied terrain (grass, sand, gentle slopes)
- Controlled fetch with soft toys (avoid high jumps)
- Balance exercises (standing on wobble boards or cushions)

**Avoid:**

- Repeated jumping (especially from heights)
- Running on hard surfaces (concrete, asphalt)
- Sharp turns at high speed
- Excessive stair climbing

### 5. Use Supportive Equipment

- **Non-slip floor mats:** Prevent slipping on hardwood or tile floors
- **Pet stairs/ramps:** Reduce jumping stress on joints
- **Proper harness:** Use a front-clip harness instead of a collar to reduce neck and spine stress during walks

**Recommended supportive products:**

- [Gorilla Grip Original Premium Durable Multiple Cat Litter Mat](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00CBH0QNQ?tag=havanese500-20) – Works great as non-slip flooring for dogs
- [PetSafe Solvit PupSTEP Plus Pet Stairs](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001JSGJRU?tag=havanese500-20) – Lightweight and foldable
- [Kurgo Tru-Fit Smart Harness with Steel Nesting Buckles](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07H8N32T7?tag=havanese500-20) – Front-clip design for small dogs

### 6. Early Detection Through Regular Vet Checks

Have your veterinarian perform a thorough orthopedic exam annually (or semi-annually for at-risk dogs). Early detection of Grade I luxation allows for immediate conservative management, potentially preventing progression to higher grades.

### 7. Avoid Breeding Affected Dogs

If your Havanese has luxating patella, they should not be bred. Even Grade I luxations are heritable and contribute to the problem in future generations. Responsible breeding is the only long-term solution to reducing luxating patella prevalence in the Havanese breed.

## Living with a Havanese with Luxating Patella

Many Havanese live long, happy lives with Grade I or II luxating patella that’s well-managed. Here are tips for day-to-day life:

### Home Modifications

- Add rugs or yoga mats to slippery floors
- Install pet stairs at beds, couches, and vehicles
- Block off stairs (baby gates) if your dog has difficulty
- Raise food and water bowls to reduce squatting stress
- Provide orthopedic bedding for joint support

### Exercise Guidelines

- Keep walks to 15-20 minutes on flat surfaces
- Avoid off-leash play with larger dogs (collision risk)
- Swimming 2-3 times per week is ideal
- Watch for signs of fatigue or limping; stop activity immediately

### Pain Management

- Monitor for signs of discomfort (decreased activity, reluctance to walk, whimpering)
- Work with your vet to find the right pain management protocol
- Consider CBD oil or other natural anti-inflammatories (discuss with vet first)
- Apply cold packs after activity if swelling occurs

### Weight Monitoring

- Weigh your Havanese monthly
- Adjust food portions if weight increases
- Use low-calorie treats for training
- Measure all meals (don’t free-feed)

**💡 Pro Tip:** Keep a “limping diary.” Track when your Havanese limps, what they were doing beforehand, weather conditions, and duration. This helps you identify triggers and provides valuable information for your veterinarian.

## When to See a Veterinarian Immediately

![When to See a Veterinarian Immediately](https://eetdf47kugs.exactdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/tmpw5ouk4hh-1030x687.jpg?strip=all)

While luxating patella is rarely an emergency, seek immediate veterinary care if:

- Your Havanese suddenly cannot bear weight on the leg at all
- The leg is visibly deformed or angled abnormally
- Your dog is crying out in severe pain
- There’s visible swelling, heat, or redness around the knee
- Your dog is lethargic, not eating, or has a fever (could indicate infection or other issue)
- The leg is cold to the touch below the knee (circulation problem)

In some Grade II cases, aggressive physical therapy including underwater treadmill, therapeutic exercises, and muscle strengthening may improve stability enough to avoid surgery or delay it for years. However, physical therapy cannot change the underlying skeletal structure, so it’s not a cure. Work with a certified canine rehabilitation therapist for the best results.

## Quick Reference Summary

### Luxating Patella in Havanese: At a Glance

**What it is:** Kneecap that slips out of the groove in the thigh bone

**Prevalence in Havanese:** 20-25% of the breed

**Grades:** I (mild) to IV (severe)

**Main symptoms:** Skipping, limping, “kick-out” leg motion, reluctance to jump

**Diagnosis:** Physical exam by veterinarian; X-rays for surgical planning

**Treatment options:**

- **Conservative (Grade I-II):** Weight management, supplements, exercise modification, pain meds
- **Surgical (Grade III-IV):** Trochleoplasty, tibial tuberosity transposition, soft tissue procedures

**Surgery cost:** $2,500-$6,000+ per knee

**Success rate:** 90-95% with surgery

**Recovery time:** 3-4 months to full activity

**Prevention:** Choose OFA-certified breeding stock, maintain healthy weight, provide joint supplements, use pet stairs, build muscle through low-impact exercise

**Prognosis:** Excellent with appropriate treatment; most dogs live normal lifespans

##